Analgesics
Antiandrogens
Azvudine
Bromhexine
Budesonide
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Famotidine
Favipiravir
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Ivermectin
Lifestyle
Melatonin
Metformin
Minerals
Molnupiravir
Monoclonals
Naso/orophar..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
Paxlovid
Quercetin
Remdesivir
Thermotherapy
Vitamins
More

Other
Feedback
Home
Top
Results
Abstract
All vitamin D studies
Meta analysis
 
Feedback
Home
next
study
previous
study
c19early.org COVID-19 treatment researchVitamin DVitamin D (more..)
Melatonin Meta
Metformin Meta
Azvudine Meta
Bromhexine Meta Molnupiravir Meta
Budesonide Meta
Colchicine Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Curcumin Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Famotidine Meta Paxlovid Meta
Favipiravir Meta Quercetin Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Remdesivir Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta Thermotherapy Meta
Ivermectin Meta

All Studies   Meta Analysis    Recent:   
0 0.5 1 1.5 2+ Mortality 30% Improvement Relative Risk ICU admission 64% Vitamin D for COVID-19  Vasheghani et al.  Prophylaxis Is prophylaxis with vitamin D beneficial for COVID-19? Retrospective 508 patients in Iran Lower ICU admission with vitamin D (p=0.009) c19early.org Vasheghani et al., Scientific Reports, Jan 2021 Favors vitamin D Favors control

The relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the severity of COVID-19 disease and its mortality

Vasheghani et al., Scientific Reports, doi:10.1038/s41598-021-97017-9 (date from preprint)
Jan 2021  
  Post
  Facebook
Share
  Source   PDF   All   Meta
Vitamin D for COVID-19
8th treatment shown to reduce risk in October 2020
 
*, now known with p < 0.00000000001 from 120 studies, recognized in 7 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine complementary and synergistic treatments. * >10% efficacy in meta analysis with ≥3 clinical studies.
3,900+ studies for 60+ treatments. c19early.org
Retrospective 508 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Iran showing lower mortality with vitamin D supplementation (not reaching statistical significance), and an association between lower vitamin D levels and disease severity, ICU admission, and increased mortality. Details of supplementation are not provided. The multivariate result for vitamin D deficiency is in the preprint, the journal version only contains the multivariate result for serum level.
This is the 18th of 120 COVID-19 controlled studies for vitamin D, which collectively show efficacy with p<0.0000000001 (1 in 226 sextillion).
29 studies are RCTs, which show efficacy with p=0.0000035.
risk of death, 30.4% lower, RR 0.70, p = 0.45, treatment 7 of 88 (8.0%), control 48 of 420 (11.4%), NNT 29, vitamin D supplementation.
risk of ICU admission, 63.8% lower, RR 0.36, p = 0.009, treatment 13 of 185 (7.0%), control 53 of 323 (16.4%), NNT 11, adjusted per study, inverted to make RR<1 favor treatment, vitamin D levels >30ng/mL.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Vasheghani et al., 18 Jan 2021, retrospective, Iran, preprint, 6 authors, dosage not specified.
This PaperVitamin DAll
The relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the severity of COVID-19 disease and its mortality
Maryam Vasheghani, Nasrin Jannati, Parvaneh Baghaei, Mitra Rezaei, Roqayeh Aliyari, Majid Marjani
Scientific Reports, doi:10.1038/s41598-021-97017-9
Supplemental vitamin D can reduce the risk and mortality of viral pneumonia. The relationship between 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and the severity and mortality of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was evaluated. In this cross-sectional study, the admitted patients with COVID-19 were categorized as mild, moderate, severe, and critical based on clinical and radiologic characteristics. Calcium, phosphorus, albumin, creatinine, and serum 25(OH)D were measured and their correlation with the severity of disease and mortality were analyzed. During 2 months, 508 patients (442 patients in general wards and 66 patients in the intensive care unit (ICU)) were included. The participants were 56 ± 17 years old (52% male, 37% with comorbidity). Concerning severity, 13%, 42%, 36%, and 9% had mild, moderate, severe, and critical diseases, respectively. The mortality rate was 10.8%. Admission to ICU, severity of disease and mortality decreased significantly across quartiles of 25(OH)D. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, disease mortality had a positive correlation with age and had a negative correlation with the serum level of 25(OH)D, calcium, and albumin. In hospitalized patients with COVID-19, low 25(OH)D was associated with severe disease and increased ICU admission and mortality rate. In late 2019, a new coronavirus was identified as a cause of a cluster of pneumonia cases in China which is named COVID-19 disease 1 . Currently, COVID-19 is pandemic 2 . In Iran, 612,772 people as the definitive cases of COVID-19 have been reported by November 10, 2020, and 34,864 people have died 3 . Manifestations of the COVID-19 range from asymptomatic carriers to acute respiratory failure and death 4 . Complications include acute respiratory failure, cytokine release syndrome, increased coagulation factors, and multi-organ damage which are associated with poor prognosis 5, 6 . The overall mortality rate until November 18, 2020, is about 2.4% (1,333,742 deaths between 55,326,907 patients) 7 . Old age, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, chronic lung disease, cancer, chronic kidney disease, people with defective or suppressed immune systems, obesity, and chronic liver disease have been identified as risk factors for severe disease or mortality 4, 6, 8, 9 . There is currently no specific treatment against COVID-19 disease 10 . Currently, the most important way to deal with this disease is prevention and control of the conditions that are considered as a risk factor for the more severe course, and complications. There is evidence from influenza A and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemics suggesting a role for vitamin D in these diseases 11 . Previous studies have suggested an association between vitamin D deficiency and an increased chance of developing bacterial and/or viral pneumonia due to viruses such as SARS, MERS, and Influenza A. COVID-19 disease is more prevalent and severe in winter and is more common..
Author contributions M.V. designed and worked in all steps of project. She wrote the manuscript and reviewed it. She revised and edited the article in all steps; N.J. collected data; P.B. Analyzed data; MR: had done laboratory tests. She reviewed and edited manuscript. R.A.: Analyzed data, corrected manuscript after revision. M.M.: supervised investigation and edited the manuscript. Funding The authors do not receive any funding for this study. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests.
References
Abate, Ahmed Ali, Mantfardo, Basu, Rate of intensive care unit admission and outcomes among patients with coronavirus: A systematic review and Meta-analysis, PLoS ONE, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0235653
Adams, Baker, Sobieraj, myth busters: Dietary supplements and COVID-19, Ann. Pharmacother, doi:10.1177/1060028020928052
Ali, Role of vitamin D in preventing of COVID-19 infection, progression and severity, J Infect Public Health, doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2020.06.021
Annweiler, Vitamin D supplementation associated to better survival in hospitalized frail elderly COVID-19 patients: The GERIA-COVID quasi-experimental study, Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu12113377
Araki, Vitamin D intoxication with severe hypercalcemia due to manufacturing and labeling errors of two dietary supplements made in the United States, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab, doi:10.1210/jc.2011-1443
Bajgain, Badal, Bajgain, Santana, Prevalence of comorbidities among individuals with COVID-19: A rapid review of current literature, Am. J. Infect. Control, doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2020.06.213
Bakhshayeshkaram, Haseli, Iranpour, Radiological mimickers of COVID-19 pneumonia: A pictorial review, Tanaffos
Baktash, Vitamin D status and outcomes for hospitalised older patients with COVID-19, Postgrad. Med. J, doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-138712
Bassatne, The link between COVID-19 and VItamin D (VIVID): A systematic review and meta-analysis, Metabolism, doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154753
Beard, Bearden, Striker, Vitamin D and the anti-viral state, J. Clin. Virol, doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2010.12.00
Blagosklonny, From causes of aging to death from COVID-19, Aging, doi:10.18632/aging.103493
Brandão, No association between vitamin D status and COVID-19 infection in São Paulo Brazil, Arch. Endocrinol. Metab, doi:10.20945/2359-3997000000343
Carpagnano, Vitamin D deficiency as a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19, J. Endocrinol. Investig, doi:10.1007/s40618-020-01370-x
Castillo, Effect of calcifediol treatment and best available therapy versus best available therapy on intensive care unit admission and mortality among patients hospitalized for COVID-19: A pilot randomized clinical study, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol, doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105751
Cereda, Vitamin D supplementation and outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients from the outbreak area of Lombardy, Nutrition, doi:10.1016/j.nut.2020.111055
Chen, Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: Retrospective study, BMJ, doi:10.1136/bmj.m1091
D' Avolio, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are lower in patients with positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2, Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu12051359
Ebadi, Montano-Loza, Perspective: Improving vitamin D status in the management of COVID-19, Eur. J. Clin. Nutr, doi:10.1038/s41430-020-0661-0
Ejtahed, Shab-Bidar, Hosseinpanah, Mirmiran, Azizi, Estimation of vitamin D intake based on a scenario for fortification of dairy products with vitamin D in a tehranian population, Iran. J. Am. Coll. Nutr, doi:10.1080/07315724.2015.1022269
Ferrari, Locatelli, No significant association between vitamin D and COVID-19. A retrospective study from a northern Italian hospital, Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res, doi:10.1024/0300-9831/a000687
French, Mcdonnell, Vieth, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D variability within-person due to diurnal rhythm and illness: A case report, J. Med. Case Rep, doi:10.1186/s13256-018-1948-9
Garcia, Prognostic factors associated with mortality risk and disease progression in 639 critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Europe: Initial report of the international RISC-19-ICU prospective observational cohort, doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100449
Gebhard, Regitz-Zagrosek, Neuhauser, Morgan, Klein, Impact of sex and gender on COVID-19 outcomes in Europe, Biol. Sex Differ, doi:10.1186/s13293-020-00304-9
Giustina, Consensus statement from 2nd international conference on controversies in vitamin D, Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord, doi:10.1007/s11154-019-09532-w
Grant, Evidence that vitamin D supplementation could reduce risk of influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths, Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu12040988
Greiller, Martineau, Modulation of the immune response to respiratory viruses by vitamin D, Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu7064240
Griffin, Vitamin D and COVID-19: Evidence and recommendations for supplementation, R. Soc. Open Sci, doi:10.1098/rsos.201912
Holick, The vitamin D deficiency pandemic: Approaches for diagnosis, treatment and prevention, Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord, doi:10.1007/s11154-017-9424-1
Huang, Hypoalbuminemia predicts the outcome of COVID-19 independent of age and co-morbidity, J. Med. Virol, doi:10.1002/jmv.26003
Jain, Analysis of vitamin D level among asymptomatic and critically ill COVID-19 patients and its correlation with inflammatory markers, Sci. Rep, doi:10.1038/s41598-020-77093-z
Jevalikar, Lack of association of baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with disease severity and mortality in Indian patients hospitalized for COVID-19, Sci Rep, doi:10.1038/s41598-021-85809-y
Kabootari, Akbarpour, Azizi, Hadaegh, Sex specific impact of different obesity phenotypes on the risk of incident hypertension: Tehran lipid and glucose study, Nutr. Metab. (Lond.), doi:10.1186/s12986-019-0340-0
Kim, Meza, Clarke, Kim, Hickner, Vitamin D and endothelial function, Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu12020575
Ling, High-dose cholecalciferol booster therapy is associated with a reduced risk of mortality in patients with COVID-19: A cross-sectional multi-centre observational study, Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu12123799
Mahmoudi, Rezaei, Mansouri, Marjani, Mansouri, Immunologic features in coronavirus disease 2019: Functional exhaustion of T cells and cytokine storm, J. Clin. Immunol, doi:10.1007/s10875-020-00824-4
Malacova, Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D deficiency in a nationally representative sample of adults participating in the 2011-2013 Australian Health Survey, Br. J. Nutr, doi:10.1017/S0007114519000151
Mamani, Muceli, Ghasemi Basir, Vasheghani, Poorolajal, Association between serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and community-acquired pneumonia: A case-control study, Int. J. Gen. Med, doi:10.2147/IJGM.S149049
Mccartney, Byrne, Optimization of vitamin D status for enhanced immuno-protection against COVID-19, Iran. Med. J
Meltzer, Association of vitamin D status and other clinical characteristics with COVID-19 test results, JAMA Netw. Open, doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.19722
Miroliaee, Salamzadeh, Shokouhi, Sahraei, The study of vitamin D administration effect on CRP and Interleukin-6 as prognostic biomarkers of ventilator associated pneumonia, J. Crit. Care, doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.08.040
Onder, Rezza, Brusaferro, Case-fatality rate and characteristics of patients dying in relation to COVID-19 in Italy, JAMA, doi:10.1001/jama.2020.4683
Panagiotou, Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 are associated with greater disease severity, Clin. Endocrinol, doi:10.1111/cen.14276
Pereira, Dantas Damascena, Galvão Azevedo, De Almeida, Da Mota, Vitamin D deficiency aggravates COVID-19: Systematic review and meta-analysis, Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr, doi:10.1080/10408398.2020.1841090
Price-Haywood, Burton, Fort, Seoane, Hospitalization and mortality among black patients and white patients with COVID-19, N. Engl. J. Med, doi:10.1056/NEJMsa2011686
Radujkovic, Vitamin D deficiency and outcome of COVID-19 patients, Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu12092757
Richardson, Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area, JAMA, doi:10.1001/jama.2020.6775
Shim, Tariq, Choi, Lee, Chowell, Transmission potential and severity of COVID-19 in South Korea, Int. J. Infect. Dis, doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.031
Smolders, Van Den Ouweland, Geven, Pickkers, Kox, Letter to the Editor: Vitamin D deficiency in COVID-19: Mixing up cause and consequence, Metabolism, doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154434
Sun, Serum calcium as a biomarker of clinical severity and prognosis in patients with coronavirus disease 2019, Aging, doi:10.18632/aging.103526
Tabrizi, High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among iranian population: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Iran. J. Med. Sci
Van Schoor, Lips, Global overview of vitamin D status, Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. N. Am, doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2017.07.002
Vatandost, Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Nutr. Health, doi:10.1177/0260106018802968
Wang, Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China, JAMA, doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1585
Wiersinga, Rhodes, Cheng, Peacock, Prescott, Pathophysiology, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A review, JAMA, doi:10.1001/jama.2020.12839
Wong, Saier, The SARS-coronavirus infection cycle: A survey of viral membrane proteins, their functional interactions and pathogenesis, Int. J. Mol. Sci, doi:10.3390/ijms22031308
Wu, Mcgoogan, Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease, doi:10.1001/jama.2020.2648
Yang, Prevalence of comorbidities and its effects in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review and metaanalysis, Int. J. Infect. Dis, doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.017
Yuen, Ye, Fung, Chan, Jin, SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: The most important research questions, Cell Biosci, doi:10.1186/s13578-020-00404-4
Zheng, Risk factors of critical & mortal COVID-19 cases: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis, J. Infect, doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.021
Zheng, Vitamin D attenuates lung injury via stimulating epithelial repair, reducing epithelial cell apoptosis and inhibits TGF-β induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition, Biochem. Pharmacol, doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113955
Loading..
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Submit